Ezimpilweni zansuku zonke, abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi insimbi engagqwali ayiyona i-magnetic futhi isebenzisa uzibuthe ukuyikhomba.Nokho, le ndlela ayilungile ngokwesayensi.Okokuqala, ama-alloys e-zinc nama-alloys ethusi angakwazi ukulingisa ukubukeka nokuntula kazibuthe, okuholela enkolelweni eyiphutha yokuthi ayinsimbi engagqwali.Ngisho nebanga lensimbi engagqwali elivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, 304, lingabonisa amazinga ahlukahlukene kazibuthe ngemva kokusebenza okubandayo.Ngakho-ke, ukuthembela kumagnet kuphela ukuze unqume ubuqiniso bensimbi engagqwali akuthembeki.
Ngakho, yini ebangela uzibuthe ensimbi engagqwali?
Ngokocwaningo lwefiziksi yezinto ezibonakalayo, i-magnetism yezinsimbi itholakala esakhiweni se-electron spin.I-Electron spin iyimpahla ye-quantum mechanical engaba "phezulu" noma "phansi."Ezintweni ze-ferromagnetic, ama-electron aziqondanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo aye ohlangothini olufanayo, kuyilapho ezintweni ezithinta i-antiferromagnetic, amanye ama-electron alandela amaphethini avamile, futhi ama-electron angomakhelwane anama-spins aphikisanayo noma aphikisanayo.Nokho, kuma-electron akumalethini angunxantathu, kufanele wonke ajikeleze ngendlela efanayo ngaphakathi kukanxantathu ngamunye, okuholela ekungabibikho kwesakhiwo sokuphonswa kwenetha.
Ngokuvamile, insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic (emelwe ngu-304) ayiwona uzibuthe kodwa ingase ibonise uzibuthe obuthakathaka.I-Ferritic (ikakhulukazi i-430, 409L, 439, ne-445NF, phakathi kokunye) kanye ne-martensitic (emelwe ngu-410) izinsimbi ezingenasici ngokuvamile zingazibuthe.Uma amamaki ensimbi engagqwali afana nama-304 ehlukaniswa njengangenawo uzibuthe, kusho ukuthi izakhiwo zawo kazibuthe ziwela ngaphansi komngcele othile;Nokho, amamaki amaningi ensimbi engagqwali abonisa izinga elithile lamagnetism.Ukwengeza, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-austenite ayiyona i-magnetic noma inozibuthe ebuthakathaka, kuyilapho i-ferrite ne-martensite zikazibuthe.Ukwelashwa okungalungile kokushisa noma ukuhlukaniswa okuhlanganisiwe ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kungabangela ukuba khona kwenani elincane lezakhiwo ze-martensitic noma ze-ferritic ngaphakathi kwensimbi engagqwali engu-304, okuholela kumagnetism ebuthaka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-304 insimbi engagqwali kungashintsha ku-martensite ngemuva kokusebenza okubandayo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuguqulwa, amafomu e-martensite amaningi, okuholela kumagnetism enamandla.Ukuqeda ngokuphelele i-magnetism ku-304 insimbi engagqwali, ukwelashwa kwesisombululo esisezingeni eliphezulu kungenziwa ukuze kubuyiselwe isakhiwo esizinzile se-austenite.
Kafushane, i-magnetism yento ebonakalayo inqunywa ngokujwayelekile kokuhlelwa kwama-molecule kanye nokuqondanisa kwama-electron spins.Kubhekwa njengempahla ebonakalayo yezinto ezibonakalayo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukumelana nokugqwala kwempahla kunqunywa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali futhi kuzimele kumagnetism.
Sithemba ukuthi le ncazelo emfushane ibe usizo.Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nensimbi engagqwali, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nesevisi yamakhasimende ye-EST Chemical noma ushiye umlayezo, futhi sizokujabulela ukukusiza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-15-2023