Ukugqwala okuningi ezintweni zensimbi kwenzeka endaweni esemkhathini, equkethe izinto ezidala ukugqwala kanye nezingxenye ezifana nomoya-mpilo, umswakama, ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa, nokungcola.Ukugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti kuyindlela evamile futhi eyingozi kakhulu yokugqwala komkhathi.
Ukugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti ngokuyinhloko kuhilela ukungena kwezixazululo zikasawoti osebenzayo ngaphakathi kwezinto zensimbi, okuholela ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical.Lokhu kubangela ukwakheka kwamaseli e-microgalvanic, ngokucushwa "okunamandla aphansi we-metal-electrolyte solution-high-potential ukungcola".Ukudluliswa kwe-electron kwenzeka, futhi insimbi esebenza njenge-anode iyancibilika, yakhe inhlanganisela entsha, okungukuthi, imikhiqizo yokugqwala.Ama-ion e-chloride adlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti.Zinamandla okungena aqinile, zingena kalula ungqimba lwensimbi lwensimbi futhi ziphazamise isimo sensimbi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ion e-chloride anamandla aphansi e-hydration, awenza athandeke kalula endaweni yensimbi, akhiphe umoya-mpilo ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo se-oxide yensimbi evikelayo, ngaleyo ndlela abangele ukulimala kwensimbi.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kokuchayeka kwemvelo kanye nokuhlolwa kwemvelo okulingisayo okulingisa ukufutha usawoti okusheshisiwe.Lesi sakamuva sisebenzisa izinsiza zokuhlola, ezaziwa ngegumbi lokuhlola isifutho sikasawoti, elinevolumu elawulwayo futhi ekhiqiza indawo yesifutho sikasawoti ngokuzenzela.Kuleli gumbi, imikhiqizo ihlolwa ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo zemvelo, ukugcwala kukasawoti endaweni yesifutho sikasawoti kungaba izikhathi ezimbalwa noma izikhathi eziyishumi phezulu, kusheshise izinga lokugqwala.Ukwenza izivivinyo zesifutho sikasawoti emikhiqizweni kuvumela ubude besikhathi sokuhlola obufushane kakhulu, ngemiphumela efana kakhulu nemithelela yokuchayeka kwemvelo.Isibonelo, nakuba kungase kuthathe unyaka owodwa ukuhlola ukugqwala kwesampula yomkhiqizo endaweni yemvelo yangaphandle, ukwenza ukuhlolwa okufanayo endaweni eyenziwe ngokuzenzisa yesifutho sikasawoti kungaveza imiphumela efanayo ngamahora angu-24 nje.
Ukulingana phakathi kokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti kanye nesikhathi semvelo sokuchayeka kwemvelo kungafingqwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Amahora angama-24 okuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi ≈ unyaka ongu-1 wokuchayeka kwemvelo.
Amahora angama-24 wokuhlola isifutho se-acetic acid sikasawoti ≈ iminyaka emi-3 yokuchayeka ngokwemvelo.
Amahora angu-24 okuhlola isifutho sikasawoti esine-acetic esheshisiwe ≈ iminyaka engu-8 yokuchayeka ngokwemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-26-2023